Generation of a film is often very laborious and tedious in the "traditional" animation. In the case of computer animation, however, the process is much less labor, and usually much cheaper. The other advantage of computer animation is a greater margin of error, because the use of digital files to help undo the mistakes to a certain number of steps.
Although animation has been used mostly for entertainment, is now being used increasingly as the animation and the animation of educational instruction to support explanation and learning.
The "cartoon", as developed in the early last century and refined by Walt Disney and others, requires up to 24 different pictures for one second of animation.
Animation to be a very slow process and often very expensive, the majority of animation for television and film is done in professional animation studios. The field of independent animation, however, has existed at least since the 1950's, when the animation was produced by independent studios or individuals. Many independent animation producers have joined the professional animation industry.
Limited animation is a method which can improve production and reduce costs by taking recourse to "shortcuts" in the animation process. This method was pioneered by UPA and popularized (some say exploited) by Hanna-Barbera, and adapted by other studios as cartoons moved from movie theaters to television.